Vídeo: O futuro da Europa: dos combustíveis fósseis à dependência dos metais?

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everyone wants to own the land but from the somi perspective I mean it’s impossible to own land it’s a part of of the world that we all are living on if you want a green economy you will need more metals and that metal has to come from somewhere the reindeer is the backbone of the obami culture we know how much a mine affects a reindeer hooding Community they need this iron or the copper or whatever it is so we have to move mining in Europe has been under pressure for decades of course we have a impact on environment but should we build our entire climate transition on Metals being produced in other continents we will PST a Tipping Point when it’s not possible to for the reindeers to survive anymore and we will lose the ire isic culture and the lost indigenous people of of of Europe will [Music] disappear this is Europe’s largest copper mine located in Northern Sweden copper along with 33 other raw materials is considered critical for Europe’s economy which is why in the next 5 years governments across the block will be pushing for projects like this one on European soil I’ve come here to see what this means for the mining industry for local communities and for Europe’s future this is spring in North of Sweden for you we produce around 45 million tons each year war which being transported further down south and Sweden in order to be refined and sent to customers humans have been mining copper for thousands of years but the energy and digital transitions have sparked an unprecedented interest for this metal are known for its remarkable conductivity of electricity in Sweden several projects are underway to tackle an anticipated 40% increase in global Demand by 2040 owners the middle class continues to expand and again they demand copper that’s why copper is called Dr copper it follows the growth of GDP in the world everything is being electrified and everything will need copper so we will demand more copper going forward we have a quite a weak copper production in Europe today we are heavily reliant on other continents we need to start expanding and developing new copper deposits expansion at beden is already underway another copper deposit right beside the main open pit Will begin producing or this year but this excavation comes at a cost some 100 people living near the new pit like Katerina had to be relocated after six years of tense discussions Katarina finally struck a deal with boliden and moved to a new home 30 km away from the one that had belonged to her family for five generations it was a nice place I am announcing a European critical raw materials act the story of Katarina and Bullen highlights the hurdles facing Europe’s critical raw materials act adopted by the European Parliament in late 2023 copper lithium Cobalt and all 34 metals and minerals are now considered vital for electric batteries renewable energy systems and modern weapons the goal is to meet their explosive Demand by diversifying Imports increasing eate processing and Recycling and accelerating mining permits in Europe by 2030 the EU aims to mine at least 10% of its annual consumption of raw materials up from about 3% currently for this brussels-based researcher this reflects a new political reality this is very ambitious and it might be challenging to achieve this in practice especially given that most of the studies most available studies the side 10 to 15 years as the amount of time required to basically open to start the operation of a new mine I think that the war in Ukraine shake things here in Brussels and we realize that basically depending on on a on any count or a region for our r supplies you know it could entail risks for Europe in the future every shape on this map represents a deposit of critical raw materials and new geological studies could reveal even more but for each new mine local resistance is likely to arise I think it’s very possible that we know we we will see some local opposition when it comes to opening a new mine the environmental impacts of mining depend very much on on the local environment whether for example there is there are abundant Water Resources whether the mine is closer to a for for or to an area with with high by diversity so there are impacts we know this but at the same time our consumption patterns haven’t changed in fact if you look into demand for raw materials it has even increased in recent years so there is let’s say there is a trade-off here back in Northern Sweden I meet with Nila Ina a member of the Sami the eu’s only indigenous people their traditional land spanning four countries has been gradually fragmented by a combination of mining logging cities and transport networks for reindeer herders like Nila this Industrial Development threatens not only their livelihoods but also the entire Sami culture our migration routs that the reindeer uses has been cut off and moved moved bit by bit in Sweden you are killing indigenous people you’re not shooting them but you’re taking away their their opportunity to continue with their traditional lifestyle one Mining Company especially has shaped the landscape and the history of this region the state-owned lkab their underground aonor mining kiruna active since the late 19th century is the largest in the world but another Discovery right outside kiruna has put Sweden at the heart of Europe’s Scramble for the planet’s declining resources we have discovered the largest deposit of Rees within Europe Rees or rare thels are a subgroup of strategic Metals with unique properties found in many places around the world but in very small quantities today China is the Undisputed leader in this market providing Europe with nearly 100% of its re needs the EU is way too dependent on other countries for these materials there is a really a great potential for Europe to now take the lead in the green transition with we can reduce carbon footprint and strengthen our competitiveness at the same time not everyone in kiruna is swayed by this argument Karen a local Sami suspects lkab of using the so-called green transition to further encroach on Sami [Applause] land for critical raw material act LK AB refused to be interviewed for this story but Karen’s opinion is shared by environmental NOS who have criticized the industry’s lobbying efforts to Grant strategic mining projects a superior public interest than nature protection regardless of the next EU elections results medals will remain a priority for Europe potentially heightening tensions between energy transition and autonomy on the one hand and local environmental concerns on the other say in the western world it’s an abusive standpoint to say that we want all of that infrastructure here but we should not produce any of the minerals here if we want to change or save the planet we have to change our our way of living also do we need all the stuff do we need need a new car do we need new phone on every year we are over consuming and that’s the biggest reason why we have this this climate collapse ultimately in the face of this climate crisis Europe will need to bridge competing interests as it navigates an uncertain transition from fossil fuel addiction to dependency on metals [Music]